NAD+
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) has been studied since 1906 and is essential for over 500 enzymatic reactions. It plays a central role in almost all major biological processes. Initially known for its role in redox reactions, NAD+ is now seen as a vital signaling molecule. It regulates numerous vital processes, from energy metabolism to cell survival.
As we age, NAD+ levels decrease, affecting metabolism and increasing susceptibility to diseases. This decline has led to interest in the potential of restoring NAD+ levels to enhance health and longevity.
The therapeutic potential of NAD-enhancing molecules is being researched for treating various diseases and possibly even aging. Several strategies are being explored to increase NAD+ levels, including activating NAD biosynthetic enzymes and preventing NAD+ degradation. The exploration of NAD+ and its role in cellular metabolism highlights the potential of these molecules in promoting health and longevity.
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NMN
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) has been a hot topic in scientific research for years. It's a precursor to NAD+, and studies have found that supplementation with NMN can be a safe, effective, and practical way to boost NAD+ levels. As we continue to delve into the intricacies of cellular metabolism, NMN stands out as a promising molecule in the quest for health and longevity. No wonder why users around the globe have come to love this molecule.
Useful links:
Longevity research and information
David Sinclair P.hD: Harvard Medical School
HUMAN CLINICAL TRAILS
Published studies to date:
2023Â Â |Â Â NMN STUDIES
250mg | 12 weeks
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) intake increases plasma NMN and insulin levels in healthy subjects
"Oral administration of NMN elevates plasma levels of NMN and NAD+, and postprandial serum insulin levels."
250mg | 12 weeks
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism and arterial stiffness after long-term nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation
"NMN safely and effectively elevated NAD+Â metabolism in healthy middle-aged adults. Additionally, NMN supplementation showed potential in alleviating arterial stiffness."
1000mg | 28 days
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Augmentation in Overweight or Obese Middle-Aged and Older Adults
"Safely increased circulating NAD levels, and significantly reduced total LDL and non-HDL cholesterol, body weight, and diastolic blood pressure."
2022Â Â |Â Â NMN STUDIES
300/600/900mg | 60 days
The efficacy and safety of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation in healthy middle-aged adults
"The blood biological age increased significantly in the placebo group and stayed unchanged in all NMN-treated groups at day 60."
250mg | 24 weeks
Effects of nicotinamide mononucleotide on older patients with diabetes and impaired physical performance
"We studied 14 participants aged 81.1 ± 6.4 years. NMN was tolerable without any severe adverse events. The changes in grip strength and walking speed showed no difference between the two groups."
300mg (intravenous) | Single dose
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Is Safely Metabolized and Significantly Reduces Blood Triglyceride Levels in Healthy Individuals
"The feasibility of intravenous administration of 300 mg NMN suggests that NAMPT may be activated and TG levels may be suppressed, which may help improve obesity and prevent aging."
1250mg | 4 weeks
Safety evaluation of β-nicotinamide mononucleotide oral administration in healthy adult men and women
"Oral administration of β-NMN did not result in changes exceeding physiological variations in multiple clinical trials, including anthropometry, hematological, biochemical, urine, and body composition analyses. Moreover, no severe adverse events were observed during the study period. Our results indicate that β-NMN is safe and well-tolerated in healthy adult men and women an oral dose of 1250 mg once daily for up to 4 weeks."
300mg | 8 weeks
Clinical evaluation of changes in biomarkers by oral intake of NMN
"NMN 300 mg/day orally for eight weeks showed no safety issues and favorable changes in many biomarkers, suggesting that NMN, a member of the NAD world, may be a promising nutritional material for aging and metabolic control in humans."
250mg | 6/12 weeks
Chronic nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation elevates blood nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels and alters muscle function in healthy older men
"Chronic oral NMN supplementation can be an efficient NAD + booster for preventing aging-related muscle dysfunctions in humans."
300mg | 60 days
Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Uthever (NMN Supplement), an Orally Administered Supplementation in Middle Aged and Older Adults
"The rise in the levels of NAD+/NADH at day 30 and day 60 illustrated the potential of Uthever to raise the levels of NAD+Â in the cells, which is linked to higher energy levels and an anti-aging effect. Increased sensitivity to insulin has also been linked to anti-aging. There was no noteworthy change in HOMA score, in the Uthever group whereas there was a noteworthy rise in the placebo group, demonstrating the anti-aging effect of Uthever as in its absence, the parameters worsened."
250mg | 10 weeks
Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women
"NMN supplementation up-regulated the expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor β and other genes related to muscle remodeling. These results demonstrate that NMN increases muscle insulin sensitivity, insulin signaling, and remodeling in women with prediabetes who are overweight or obese."
250mg | 12 weeks
Oral Administration of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Is Safe and Efficiently Increases Blood Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Levels in Healthy Subjects
"Oral supplementation of NMN for 12 weeks caused no abnormalities in physiological and laboratory tests, and no obvious adverse effects were observed. NAD+ levels in whole blood were significantly increased after NMN administration. These results suggest that oral administration of NMN is a safe and practical strategy to boost NAD+ levels in humans."
250mg | 12 weeks
Effect of 12-Week Intake of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide on Sleep Quality, Fatigue, and Physical Performance in Older Japanese Adults
"After intervention, all groups improved in 5-STS, with the NMN_PM group showing the most significant reduction in drowsiness. Taking NMN in the afternoon enhanced limb function and decreased drowsiness in older adults, suggesting NMN's potential to combat age-related fatigue."
1000/2000mg | 14 days
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN), Increases Circulating Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide and its Metabolome in Middle-Aged and Older Adults
"1000 mg once-daily or twice-daily regimens were safe and associated with substantial dose-related increases in blood NAD levels and its metabolome. These foundational data that were obtained using a pharmaceutical-grade βNMN, standardized sample collection, and validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry assays, should facilitate design of efficacy trials in disease conditions."
2021Â Â |Â Â NMN STUDIES
300/600/1200mg | 6 weeks
Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation enhances aerobic capacity in amateur runners
"NMN increases the aerobic capacity of humans during exercise training, and the improvement is likely the result of enhanced O2Â utilization of the skeletal muscle."
2020Â Â |Â Â NMN STUDIES
100/250/500mg | Single dose
Effect of oral administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide on clinical parameters and nicotinamide metabolite levels in healthy Japanese menÂ
"Plasma concentrations of N-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide and N-methyl-4-pyridone-5-carboxamide were significantly increased dose-dependently by NMN administration. The single oral administration of NMN was safe and effectively metabolized in healthy men without causing any significant deleterious effects. Thus, the oral administration of NMN was found to be feasible, implicating a potential therapeutic strategy to mitigate aging-related disorders in humans."
NMN improves overweight and cholesterol
Published February 2023
NMN administration in overweight or obese middle-aged and older adults safely increased circulating NAD levels. It significantly reduced total LDL and non-HDL cholesterol, body weight, and diastolic blood pressure. These data provide the rationale for more extensive trials to assess the efficacy of NAD augmentation in improving cardiometabolic outcomes in older adults.
Read the full article here!
NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE USA
Published August 2021
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels in the body deplete with aging, and it is associated with the downregulation of energy production in mitochondria, oxidative stress, DNA damage, cognitive impairment, and inflammatory conditions.
However, NMN, as the precursor of NAD+, can slow down this process by elevating NAD+ levels in the body. Several Vivo studies have indicated affirmative results of therapeutic effects for various age-induced complications with NMN supplementation.
One preclinical and one clinical study have been conducted to investigate the safety concerns of NMN administration, while a few more human clinical trials are being conducted.
Read the full article here!